Showing posts with label Europe. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Europe. Show all posts

Sunday, January 10, 2016

Eight Bells


In centuries past, time aboard ship was reckoned by hourglasses and chronometers.  For the crew’s information, the men on watch would ring a bell every thirty minutes to announce the time.  It was a simple system.  The day was divided into six watches of four hours each, the duty times for the crewmen who kept watch over the ship.  The watches were scheduled from 12 to 4, 4 to 8, and 8 to 12, am and pm.  The first striking of the bell on a particular watch would take place at, say, 8:30am.  This would be a single strike, or “one bell.”  At 9:00am there would be two strikes on the bell, or “two bells.”  At 9:30am, three bells.  And so on up to eight bells, at which time the watch ended and a new watch began.  In the parlance of seamen the phrase “eight bells,” which originally meant the end of a watch, came to mean the end of other things as well, for example, the end of a voyage, the end of  a career, and most significantly, the end of a life.  Obituaries of merchant seamen in trade journals thus appear under the heading “Eight Bells.”

I recently learned of the deaths of several former shipmates.  Some were expected; others not.  One in particular stands out, that of a man I sailed with at the beginning and in the middle of my career.  He was a fine seaman, a good shipmate, a great boss, and a mentor.

The Rigel

Captain Virgilio Rigobello was serving as the chief mate of the freighter Rigel when I joined the ship in Norfolk, Virginia, on Tuesday, May 15, 1979.  Thirty years older than myself, he had been born in Genova, Italy.  Known affectionately behind his back as the “Italian Stallion,” he stood 5 feet 4 inches tall, had a slender build, brown eyes, and jet black hair.  He had attended the training school for the Italian Merchant Marine, and besides his technical expertise was a very learned and cultured man.  For example, in addition to his native Italian, he spoke English, French, and Spanish, and he read Latin and some Greek.  In his youth he had sailed aboard Italian merchant ships.  Aboard one of these he met an American passenger who later became his wife.  By the time I met him, Captain Rigobello had become a naturalized American citizen with an American Master’s license, a home in Brooklyn, and a son about my own age.  Aboard the Rigel as chief mate, he was addressed as “Mr. Rigobello” by all except his long time friend and colleague, Captain Manuel Viera, the Master of the Rigel.  He called him “Alex.”  The two men were about the same age, had sailed together many times in many years, and shared an obviously strong bond of friendship.  Both had high moral values and high professional standards and were officers and gentlemen in the truest sense.

Mr. Rigobello’s duties aboard the Rigel involved the supervision of the deck crew, the maintenance of the ship, conducting emergency drills, anchoring and mooring, preparation of the payroll and other administrative work, and assisting as needed on the bridge.  This was a day job, meaning that he did not stand a bridge watch, but the hours varied with the ship’s operating schedule.  Cargo work, in particular the underway replenishment of military vessels, was handled by a younger officer who was basically an assistant chief mate.

When the Rigel sailed from Norfolk on May 22, she carried a damage control instructor from company headquarters with her.  All the way across the Atlantic this fellow trained the crew, many of whom were new to the ship, in emergency procedures.  As chief mate, Mr. Rigobello was heavily involved in these training exercises, which could get hectic at times.  As a neophyte third mate, this regimen was all new to me.  I learned quickly that even though I now had a license, the older and more experienced men like Captain Viera and Mr. Rigobello were light years ahead of me.  No doubt they saw me as the novice that I was, but they were both very patient and encouraging.  During the summer months in the Mediterranean, the Rigel made numerous short voyages and delivered many tons of cargo to the Navy and other customers.  Routine work to the old hands; all new and adventurous to me, as well as a tremendous learning experience.  I received many kind words of encouragement, instruction, and occasionally, correction.  It was a happy time.

On a few occasions I accompanied Mr. Rigobello at his docking station on the bow.  He always expressed his pleasure at having me there, and interrupted his own duties to explain things and answer questions.  More typically, I was stationed on the bridge during arrivals and departures.  One such arrival on Friday morning, August 17, was particularly noteworthy.  It was the one time that summer that the Rigel went to Genova.  When the ship was securely moored alongside the pier, he returned to the bridge from the bow obviously elated, whereupon James James, the second mate, announced to everyone that we had now come to Mr. Rigobello’s home town.  The ship did not remain in Genova long, however.  She sailed again in the late afternoon, but her conscientious chief mate was able to go ashore and visit home for a little while at least.

On an earlier occasion, a group of us had gone ashore together for a longer excursion.  This was unusual. Conflicting work hours and differences in age and interests combined to make group outings the exception and not the norm.  But on June 3, a Sunday afternoon when the Rigel was docked in Malaga, Spain, several of us rode the trains inland to Grenada.  The purpose of this journey was to visit the famous Al Hombre Castle built during the Moorish period of Spanish history.  Mr. Rigobello and the damage control instructor were the oldest men in the group, and while they naturally gravitated together, there was no sense of segregation.  Everyone had a pleasant time sightseeing, conversing, and dining together.

At one point in early August I started having severe pains in my lower back.  When the Rigel next docked in Napoli, it was arranged for me to meet with an American military physician.  To my dismay, this young man was unable to help me, and frankly, he spent more time joking with his colleagues than tending to his patients.  Back on the ship, though, Mr. Rigobello offered a simple solution.  He directed the carpenter to cut a piece of lumber and place it under my mattress.  After a sound night’s sleep on this board, my back pain went away as quickly as it had come on.  I certainly appreciated this remedy.  For their part, both Mr. Rigobello and Captain Viera expressed great satisfaction that the cure had worked.  No doubt these men in their fifties thought that I was much too young for back problems!

After sailing transatlantic again, the Rigel returned to Norfolk on Wednesday, August 29.  She was scheduled next to undergo a shipyard overhaul, and many of the crew were to be discharged before this started.  Captain Viera gave me this news somewhat apologetically, and both he and Mr. Rigobello wished me well in my future career.  I left the ship that evening and returned home by air.  After thirteen days of vacation, I left home again for my new assignment aboard the General Hoyt S. Vandenberg.  For a time, then, the memory of my experiences aboard the Rigel faded into the background.


The Waccamaw

My next meeting with Captain Rigobello took place in Augusta, Sicily, on Thursday, June 24, 1982, the day I joined the tanker Waccamaw as third mate.  He was then the Master of the Rigel, which was docked across the pier from the Waccamaw.  In the three-years-long interval since we had last seen each other, I had sailed on four other ships, upgraded my license to second mate, gotten married, and bought a house.  I did not think of this at the time, but in retrospect I suppose Captain Rigobello must have seen a difference in me.  He came over to the Waccamaw to visit his counterpart, Captain Aspiotis, and he greeted me warmly and enthusiastically.  And I was very happy to see him again, too.  We had a happy reunion and a pleasant conversation, and then it was time to go.  Late that afternoon, the two ships parted company and sailed away in opposite directions.  I did not know when or if we would meet again.

Two months later in Rota, Spain, we met again.  The Waccamaw docked there on Friday, August 27, and that afternoon Captain Rigobello returned to work from a short vacation and relieved Captain Aspiotis, who then left for his vacation.  Also in Rota then was the new freighter Sirius with Captain Viera in command.  He, too, greeted me warmly and enthusiastically, expressed great satisfaction with my new second mate’s license, and wished me well in the further advancement of my career.  Following this brief reunion, the Sirius departed over the weekend. Then on Monday the 30th the Waccamaw set sail initially for Mayport, Florida.  Halfway across the Atlantic, this destination was changed to Norfolk, Virginia, where she arrived on Friday, September 10.

I thoroughly enjoyed sailing transatlantic with Captain Rigobello in command of the Waccamaw, but with a new second mate’s license, I naturally wanted to sail as second mate.  Soon after the Waccamaw arrived in Norfolk, I mentioned this to the Captain and asked him if he would mind if I called our company headquarters in Bayonne, New Jersey, to inquire about getting a second’s job aboard another ship.   His reply surprised me: “Well, you may certainly call the base if you like, but I think if you stay here you will find that everything will work out well for you.”  Somewhat startled but catching his drift, I did not call the base.  I stayed on the Waccamaw as third mate, made a few short voyages in and out of Norfolk, and then became second mate on Wednesday, September 29, when the previous second went home.

For the rest of the year, the Waccamaw made voyages from Norfolk to the Caribbean and to operating areas in the Western Atlantic.  Most of these were routine, supplying petroleum to Navy ships at sea and making port calls in Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico, and Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.  I grew into my new position as second mate on these journeys, and Captain Rigobello reposed increasing amounts of trust in me.  Before very long, he was letting me bring the Waccamaw alongside aircraft carriers unsupervised at 5:00 and 6:00am while he was still in his cabin.  He would then typically arrive on the bridge shortly before the underway replenishment started.

In less dramatic moments, Captain Rigobello often took the opportunity to teach.  With the ship and the sea as his classroom, he would explain things that were in front of us in a professorial way.  The topics covered included recording weather and sea state observations, using the ship’s twin propellers in maneuvering, techniques for celestial navigation, and so on.  He taught me a lot, and I felt privileged to learn from such an experienced and knowledgeable shipmaster.

On occasion serious events took place.  Once the Waccamaw was called upon to carry out the medical evacuation of a man on a sailboat.  This took place in mid-November in a moderately rough sea.  We picked up the patient on Saturday the 13th, and delivered him to Bermuda the next day.  The nervous strain of this operation showed on Captain Rigobello, as did great relief when we received word from Bermuda that the man’s life was saved.[1]

Another time we lost the plant, that is, the fires in the boilers went out because of water leaking into a fuel line.  While this was mostly a problem for the engineers, some critical navigational equipment, like the gyrocompasses, had to be restarted and brought up to speed again.  These vintage gyros came under my jurisdiction.  As I struggled with and sweated from both stress and heat in the gyro room, I felt the burden suddenly become lighter when the Captain arrived and offered pointers on getting these tired old machines going again.  He knew his stuff, and it showed.  I was very happy to have him share his expertise with me.

One morning a situation of the utmost seriousness arose.  At about 6:00am on my watch, the Waccamaw was proceeding at very slow speed on a northeasterly heading in the Western Atlantic not far from the Caribbean, when a squadron of a half-dozen Navy ships came along at high speed from the northwest.  I plotted them on the radar and had them in sight, and I determined that they were approaching me on my port bow at an angle of about 75 degrees and that they would pass ahead of me at extremely close range if they held their course.  In this situation, the Waccamaw had the right of way.  I was required by international law to hold my course, and the Navy ships were required by the same authority to alter their course and go around the Waccamaw.

Well, they did not do this.  As I was considering what action to take, someone from one of the Navy ships called me up on the bridge-to-bridge radio.  When I answered, he identified himself and told me, “We are taking your ship under tactical control.  We order you to increase speed and make an immediate right turn and join our formation.”  And then he stated the formation’s course and speed.

I was astonished!  Who did this guy think he was?  Immediately, I recognized that this guy was not my boss.  I took my orders from Captain Rigobello, not some anonymous voice on a Navy ship that did not comply with the Rules of the Road.  More importantly, though, I could see that if I made the course and speed changes that he ordered, I would be cutting in front of these Navy ships and exposing the port side of a tanker containing 30,000 tons of oil to their bows.  A collision would be inevitable.  Did this guy really expect me to do that?  It would be criminal!   Seeing that the Navy in this situation had no evident intention of sailing by the rules, I responded, “Negative!  In order to avoid a collision with your ship, I am turning left at this time.”  And I gave the order of “hard left” to the helmsman.  From the other ship I received a terse “Roger, out.”  The Waccamaw responded slowly but surely to her helm.  She and the Navy passed starboard to starboard.  When these other ships were safely out of the way, the Waccamaw resumed her original course.  I continued with my duties until the third mate relieved me at 8:00am.

When I arrived at the breakfast table a few minutes later, Captain Rigobello and Lieutenant Johnson, the naval liaison officer assigned to the Waccamaw, were having a serious discussion.  The Captain was quite calm; the Lieutenant appeared very agitated.  As I sat down, Captain Rigobello said, “Well, let’s hear his side of the story.”  I gathered that the Navy had complained to Lieutenant Johnson, and he in turn went to the Captain, and he in turn was now asking me what happened.  So I told him.  He listened patiently, asked a few questions, and then said, “Very well.  You did the right thing.”  Then Captain Rigobello  instructed the Lieutenant, “You get on the radio and tell your Admiral to simmer down.  My second mate did his job and avoided a collision.  I’ll stand by him.”  With a horrified look on his face the Lieutenant rushed from the table, and the matter was concluded.[2]

This incident was unique, fortunately.  Nothing like it happened again, for which I was grateful.  I was also very grateful to have a boss who would back me up in a tense situation.  For that matter, he backed me on other occasions in domestic disturbances, once when an engineer threatened to kill me because I wouldn’t help him sneak liquor on board, and once when another engineer reached for a fire axe and threatened to dismember me.[3]

Most of the time, though, life on the Waccamaw was reasonably peaceful.  And sooner or later everyone, myself included, received a glance or a word of disapproval from the Captain.  I recall one such occasion after our first transit from Roosevelt Roads to Guantanamo Bay.  We had not changed the clocks during the night, and on arrival the shipboard time was an hour different from the Cuban time.  None of us had even realized that we were crossing a time zone boundary.  As the second mate, though, this matter came under my jurisdiction, and I should have thought of it.  Anyway, when we realized the error once we’d arrived in Cuba, someone suggested looking in the Nautical Almanac for the local time zone differences.  I suppose I had once known that I could look up this information there, but I didn’t then.  With a surprised and disappointed look, Captain Rigobello turned to me and asked, “You did not know that?”  I was too embarrassed to answer.  He seemed to sense that, and he turned away.  I felt so dismayed that I had merited his disapproval.  It passed, though, and life went on.

More serious was the night the Waccamaw went aground in Guantanamo Bay.  The ship had docked there in the morning of Wednesday, December 1.  She was scheduled to depart the next day at 2:30am, but this proved to be problematic because the bow had become stuck in a mud bank, and the ship would not budge.  Captain Rigobello was not happy about this.  It took the herculean efforts of two Navy tugboats, both engines going full astern, and the pumping out of all the water in the forepeak tank to dislodge the ship.  It was a long and trying night, but it ended well, and there was no damage to the hull. 

The Waccamaw sailed south that Thursday, refueled the aircraft carrier Dwight D. Eisenhower, and returned to Guantanamo Bay without incident.  Arriving at 6:00pm, the Waccamaw did not return to the pier, but anchored instead.  Forgoing the customary practice of taking on a Navy harbor pilot, Captain Rigobello brought the ship in himself.  Earlier in the day, he and I had studied the harbor charts together.  Memorizing the key features, we worked out the approach and selected the best place to anchor.  Working together as peers—that was how it felt at the time.  Afterwards I realized that he was doing more than planning his arrival; he was teaching me as well.  Leaving again just after midnight on Saturday, December 4, the ship continued her work  with the fleet uneventfully and then headed north.

With the Waccamaw back in Norfolk from the Caribbean in the first week of January of 1983, Captain Rigobello went on vacation.  He stayed home until the middle of March.  In his absence, Captain Derric Linardich took over the ship, and she continued her voyages to the Caribbean and nearby areas.  When it became time for the Waccamaw to begin her shipyard overhaul, Captain Rigobello returned to the ship, resuming command on Tuesday, March 15.


The Shipyard

Several shipyards had bid on overhauling the Waccamaw, and the contract was awarded to the Old Dominion Metro Machine Company in Norfolk.  Situated just across the Elizabeth River from downtown, it was a convenient location.  For a large part of the overhaul time, the ship would be completely shut down and a small caretaker crew housed ashore.  I took a room at the Holiday Inn in downtown Norfolk, which was an easy walk to the shipyard.  Several others stayed there, too.  Captain Rigobello and the engineering specialists from company headquarters opted to stay at the Marjack Motel in Virginia Beach.  This was several miles away, but they had a company car.

The overhaul included tank cleaning, drydocking, sandblasting, repainting, cutting, welding, pipefitting, electrical repairs, and so on.  The Captain’s work during this time was largely administrative—paperwork, meetings, telephone calls, inspections, etc.  He worked on the ship during the daytime; I was there usually at night.  Often on the weekends he went home to Brooklyn.  He remarked once that he enjoyed flying between Norfolk and New York and looking down on the tops of the clouds.

One thing which Captain Rigobello did not like was dirt.  Ships undergoing yard work invariably became dirty, and the Waccamaw was no exception.  Hoses, wires, boxes, crates, tools, and sand lay strewn all over the decks and got in everyone’s way.  The gangway watch tried to keep a lid on things in this heavy traffic area, but the mess, especially the sandblasting debris, always won the battle.  One morning when everything had become particularly filthy, the Captain came up the gangway, looked around briefly, heaved a big sigh, and exclaimed, “This ship is a mess!”  Turning toward me, he asserted, “We have got to do something about this.”  I felt bad for him.

But things got better.  On Memorial Day the Waccamaw was refloated.  In the following weeks the shipyard work started winding down.  New crewmen arrived, and on Wednesday, June 22, the ship went out for sea trials.  All the machinery was put through its paces, and everything passed the test.  Next the Waccamaw would load oil and stores, undergo crew training, and prepare to return to the Mediterranean.  This was a very busy and hectic time that put a strain on everyone.
  

What Manner of Man?

Because of my prior experience with Captain Rigobello when he was chief mate on the Rigel, I looked forward to sailing with him again aboard the Waccamaw.  We had received word a week or so in advance that he would relieve Captain Aspiotis in Rota.  Among the crew, the troublemakers who knew him dreaded his arrival.  The chief mate at the time, a crusty New Englander named Jonathan Doane, predicted that some of the guys would come to a rude awakening, because, as he expressed it, “You know Captain Rigobello.  He’s got that hard headed European attitude.”  This was true, up to a point.

Captain Rigobello was formal and businesslike, but also pleasant and friendly.  The day I met him on the Rigel,  he smiled, walked over to me, shook my hand, and welcomed me aboard the ship.  I later saw that such cordiality with others was characteristic of him.  He was formal in that he addressed all the officers as Mr. with their surnames and never used first names.  He also insisted on maintaining some social distance between the licensed officers and the unlicensed crew.  This was not snobbishness.  He simply recognized, more than most Americans did, the differences in responsibility, education, and expectations that exist between the two levels of shipboard society.  Aboard the Rigel he repeatedly told a cadet not to fraternize ashore with the deckhands.  This counsel went unheeded until one night in Napoli when an unexpected visit to a brothel ended badly. Then the boy learned.  But as both chief mate and Master Captain Rigobello treated the crew very well, and overall he was liked and respected by them.  I can recall only one person—an officer, too—who openly disliked him, but for reasons which I thought were ridiculous.

One thing that as Master he was very particular about was food.  He insisted that everyone on the ship to be served good food.  This became clear on a few occasions on the Waccamaw.  One day at breakfast he looked at my French toast and asked what was wrong with it.  I was going to eat it without saying anything, but since he asked me, I replied that it was made with rye bread.  Hearing this, the Captain got up, went into the galley, and had a word with the steward.  When he returned to his seat he remarked, “That takes care of that.”  A minute or two later, a plate of proper French toast arrived.

That was a small point, though.  One evening at dinner there was cauliflower.  The chief mate and the first assistant engineer both ate this with great gusto.  Suddenly the engineer spit out a mouthful of it onto his plate and watched as a worm crawled out of it.  The mate watched in horror.  The two men looked at each other.  Then the mate jumped up, ran out on deck, and threw up his entire dinner over the side.  Those of us who did not like cauliflower found this quite amusing.  But once again, Captain Rigobello got up and went to speak with the steward.  On returning to the table he said, “Well, that is not going to happen again.”  And it didn’t.

Finally it was the Captain’s turn.  One evening when he selected his dinner from the menu, it arrived not cooked properly.  Sending it back, he chose another entre instead.  When this came to the table, it, too, was unsatisfactory.  Clearly irritated at this point, he sent the second meal back and chose the third option threatening, “If I send this one back, I send for a new cook, too!”  It took a few minutes, but when the third dinner was brought out, it was done perfectly.

For all the fastidiousness concerning the food, meal times were always very pleasant and sometimes quite convivial.  For a while we had a third mate who enjoyed making a celebration out of everyone’s birthday.  This was David Muir, from Massachusetts.  On Captain Rigobello’s birthday, he arranged for the steward to bring out a specially made cake after dinner.  The steward and the messmen and utilitymen paraded with the cake into the chow hall, and everyone sang “Happy Birthday” and applauded the Captain on his big day.  He received these felicitations graciously and laughingly, and I think with a little embarrassment as well.  Without asking, he know exactly who lay behind this unexpected little party, and he good naturedly turned the joke on “my young friend Mr. Muir!”

David Muir stood the 8 to 12 watch, and he took it upon himself to get a cup of coffee for Captain Rigobello and leave it just outside his door early every morning.  This way the Captain could simply open his door a crack, pick up the coffee, and drink it as he washed and dressed.  He laughingly told his “young friend Mr. Muir” once, “I appreciate the cup of coffee first thing in the morning, but you know, you really don’t have to do this.  If you want to, that’s fine, but don’t feel that you have to.”  The coffee service continued, and both parties were happy.  There was no element of currying favor in this.  It was simply a gesture of thoughtfulness toward a good boss.   

Besides birthdays and morning coffee, the main source of conviviality was the movies.  These were shown after dinner, in the combined chow hall and lounge on the Rigel, and in a separate lounge on the Waccamaw.  Most of the mates and engineers not on watch went to the movies.  Captain Rigobello always did.  Most of these films were light-hearted entertainment; a few were serious historical or cultural works.  One particularly ludicrous movie contained a scene in which a well dressed businessman became so overwhelmed by job stress at a board meeting that his head exploded.  Blood, brains, bone, and hair scattered everywhere.  It was disgusting, and comically ridiculous.

A few days later, this became an object lesson.  Captain Rigobello came up to the bridge at the change of the watch, and he reminded us of something that needed to be done and must not be forgotten.  Referring good naturedly to this movie he chided gently, “Come on now, you young men.  If I have to think of everything, my head is going to explode!”  We all laughed, but he made his point.

Another time when the Waccamaw was docked in Norfolk a serious matter arose which could not be corrected in a joking manner.   One evening a deck seaman was returning to the ship, and he was stopped and searched by the Marines at the entrance to the Norfolk Naval Base.  The Marines found marijuana on him.  They did not arrest him, though.  Instead, they escorted him to the ship and reported their find to the mate on watch.  Word of this violation was reported to Captain Rigobello, who had to decide what to do about this man.  Word spread among the crew as well, and the general expectation was that he would be fired.  It was too bad.  He was a very intelligent, very industrious, university educated young man with a bright future.  He was on my watch at sea.  I liked him and was friendly with him and would miss him.

The next evening when the ship was quiet and most of the crew had gone ashore, Captain Rigobello called the culprit into his office for a private consultation.  I was on duty at the time, and I naturally wondered what would happen.  I did not need to wait long to find out.  A few hours after the meeting this young man sought me out, and he told me what transpired.

Captain Rigobello brought him into the office, shut the door, and then bawled him out:  “What’s wrong with you?  Why did you do this?  What were you thinking?”  A long tirade followed.  The gist of it was that this man was one of the smartest and best educated people on the ship, that he knew better than to do drugs, that many in the crew looked up to him, that he was an example for them, that everyone had high expectations of him, that he had let us all down, and so on.  The Captain continued to the effect that he could not afford to lose a good worker and that this young man was officer material and should start studying for a license.  Finally, he asked him, “Now, what do you have to say for yourself?”

The young seaman replied, “Well, Captain, you’re right.”

Startled, Captain Rigobello sighed, sat down, and asked, “What do you mean, I’m right?”

The young man explained, “I mean that you’re right.  I was wrong.  I did know better.  I don’t know why I did it.  I don’t know what I was thinking.  I shouldn’t have done it, and I will never do it again.  I was wrong, and you’re right.  That’s what I mean."

Some quiet discussion followed.  Then Captain Rigobello finished up with, “All right, then.  We will say no more about this.  Go out now and do your work and stay out of trouble.  This must never happen again, or next time I will need to do something.”

And that was it.  This fellow did his work very well and never got in trouble again.  Captain Rigobello had recognized his intelligence, his work habits, and his potential, and administered justice with mercy.  In return, this young man felt deeply appreciative toward the Captain and came to consider him a great man.

Captain Rigobello always seemed happy to recognize intelligence and capability in others.  Aboard both the Rigel and the Waccamaw, he liked sailing with young mates who strove to excel in their work, upgrade their licenses, and advance in their careers.  He consistently encouraged them, and he placed large degrees of trust in them.  With his exacting standards he called upon everyone to do the best job possible, and he required complete accuracy and professionalism in navigation, shiphandling, helmsmanship, and emergency drills.  He often said, “Let us be professional.”  In this he did not come across as a demanding boss, but more as an inspirational leader who brought out the best in his subordinates.  I believe that all the young mates who sailed with him genuinely wanted to please him.

This does not mean that Captain Rigobello was never unhappy, though.  I do recall him being cross with people on a few occasions on both the Rigel and the Waccamaw.  Typically this was brought on by outside factors that generated stress and aggravation.  Too much shipyard mess, too much military madness, too much crew misbehavior, too much legitimate worry, as with the medical evacuation—these were the things that caused irritation and annoyance to show, although in all fairness, it was always mild.  Besides, when he was the Master he bore the ultimate responsibility for everything on the ship.  If anyone had the right to be cross in tense times, it was he.  I’ve sailed with Masters who threw violent temper tantrums over petty matters, but Captain Rigobello never behaved like that.

Sometimes the Captain just wanted someone to talk to.  I remember a couple of times when he sought me out.  In March, when he returned to the Waccamaw after his vacation, he came to me one evening and asked in considerable detail how things had gone on the ship in his absence.  Another time, when he was returning from a visit home on a Sunday evening, he came up to the chartroom where I was working and struck up a conversation.  This one was purely social.  He never discussed his home life much, but this time he volunteered several personal items.  He told me about his son—“He is young, and he likes to go out”—and how he did not drive the family car in New York—“Oh, I know how to drive, but my wife is more used to it than I am”—and while he liked to see his family he also liked his work—“I love to sail.”  I was happy that this great man would want to talk with me; perhaps he remembered the times on the Rigel when I had approached him and sought his counsel.

Captain Rigobello always spoke Italian-accented but completely fluent English with us.  For a while, though, we had another Italian on the Waccamaw, a deck seaman named Mariano Zucchi.  He came from Trieste, had an Italian second mate’s license, and had also married an American.  Before granting him an American license, the Coast Guard required him to sail in an unlicensed capacity for one year aboard American ships.  During one quiet time on the bridge Captain Rigobello initiated a conversation with Mariano in Italian.  I listened quietly.  They both spoke the cultivated northern Italian of the educated classes. With my background in French and Latin and with the Italian I had picked up in Europe, I found that I could understand about 90% of what they said.  Later, I translated the bulk of their conversation for Mariano as a joke.  He was astonished!  I never mentioned this to the Captain, though, nor did I ever tell him that my wife was from Germany.  In retrospect, I daresay he would have been more interested than I thought at the time.


Farewell

After a year and more on the Waccamaw, I was starting to wear out.  I needed a vacation.  A largely new crew was joining the vessel after the shipyard overhaul, and soon they would take her across the Atlantic and back into the Mediterranean.  As much as I wanted to make this great voyage and return to Europe, I realized that I had been running on full ahead for too long, and I needed a break from it.  Most of the others with whom I had worked and been friendly had already left.  With mixed feelings, then, I requested relief to go home on vacation.

Captain Rigobello seemed disappointed:  “So, you are going on leave?”  I explained how I felt, but also expressed my willingness to rejoin the ship later on, and he replied that that would be fine with him.  He agreed that I needed some rest.

It took time for the paperwork to meander its way through the system in the company offices, but eventually we received notice that my relief was on his way.  When he didn’t show up, I thought that maybe I would sail back to Europe after all, which was not really such a bad prospect.  But then he arrived on Thursday, July 21.  I had the evening watch and spent most of the time showing him around the ship.  Late the following afternoon I left the vessel and travelled by air to New York.

I remember well and with some emotion my departure from the Waccamaw.  There were several fellows clustered around the gangway when I came along with my suitcase and sextant box.  Everyone wished me well, but Captain Rigobello did most of the talking, and he did something that he had never done previously.  Shedding his standard formality, he shook my hand, patted me affectionately on the shoulder, and addressed me as “David.”  He wished me well, told me to get some rest, and said that he hoped to see me again and with a chief mate’s license.  He paused briefly.  Then he looked me in the eye and said, “You are one of the best, if not the best.”  I was stunned, and also a bit embarrassed by this public accolade, but I managed to stammer out a thank you.  In that same instant I wished I weren’t leaving.  I suddenly wanted to stay on board and sail back to Europe with him!  But it was time, and I had to go.

I don’t remember the ride to the Norfolk Airport, and I scarcely remember the flight to New York, except for changing aircraft in Baltimore.  Captain Rigobello’s words reverberated in my head.  Even now, over thirty years later, I can still see him standing there, can still hear him saying that, and can still feel him patting me on the shoulder.

To my great regret, I never saw Captain Rigobello again.  I never rejoined the Waccamaw.  I returned to Europe later in the year, but aboard the Comet.  He went his way, and I went mine.  That’s how it was in the Merchant Marine.  I did communicate with him through an intermediary at one point, though.

A few years later, in 1986, I was in the company headquarters in Bayonne.  By chance I ran into Mr. Zahartas, one of the electronics experts who had been involved with the Waccamaw’s shipyard overhaul.  He had had his work cut out for him then, with new radar installations, a new autopilot, new gyrocompasses, and so on.  When I met him again in Bayonne, he was about to return to Norfolk to work on another ship, and he would see Captain Rigobello again.  I asked him if he would bring a message for me, and he agreed.  I asked him to convey my greetings to the Captain, and also news of my new assignment.  Then I requested that he please tell the Captain that I would like very much to sail with him again.  When he had an opening, I would be happy to fill it.

A few weeks later I saw Mr. Zahartas again, after he had returned from Norfolk.  He told me that he had delivered my message.  Then he told me that Captain Rigobello was quite touched and even moved by it.  This surprised me.  Seeing my reaction, Mr. Zahartas exclaimed, “You know, that’s a big compliment you paid him.  Not everybody wants to sail with him.  You know what he’s like.  A lot of these guys don’t want to work that hard.”  I had to concede his point.

Mixed feelings.  After the Waccamaw, I enjoyed sailing aboard the Comet and the Bartlett.  They were good experiences, and I took the exams and upgraded my license to chief mate and limited Master in between these assignments in 1984. This would no doubt have pleased Captain Rigobello very much.  But I regretted not sailing with the “Italian Stallion” again.

In my working years I’ve had good bosses and bad bosses, excellent bosses and terrible bosses.  I am now older than Captain Rigobello was when I knew him.  With the twenty-twenty hindsight that comes with age, I see now that he was “one of the best, if not the best.”  Actually, he was “the best.”  I have thought of him often over the years and wondered what became of him.  I learned of his death only recently.

My thoughts echo, with one slight change, the famous prayer offered by Cardinal Cushing many years ago:

May the angels, dear Captain, lead you into Paradise![4]



Eight Bells

In Memoriam

Virgilio A. Rigobello
November 8, 1927—December 21, 2008

His wife
Marie V. Rigobello
January 9, 1923—September 15, 1994

In pace requiescant.


[1] This event is described more fully in my essay “Rescue at Sea.”
[2] I have since learned that the Waccamaw was involved in four collisions at sea before I joined her, and I remain very happy that a fifth collision was in this instance avoided.  See https://en.wikipedia.org/USS_Waccamaw_(AO-109).
[3] These events are described more fully in my essays “The Wicky Wacky” and “The Screamer.”
[4] Based on Richard Cardinal Cushing’s spontaneous prayer in English during the Requiem Mass in Latin for President John F. Kennedy, Saint Matthew’s Cathedral, Washington, DC, November 25, 1963.  The Cardinal said “dear Jack.”

Sunday, July 1, 2012

Visiting the Royal Navy

The training ship State of Maine reposed quietly alongside the dock of the venerable Holland-America Line in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, on Monday, June 5, 1978. To all outward appearances, the ship seemed fairly quiet, but this was deceiving. She had been scheduled to sail that morning, but instead showed one of the vicissitudes of her age. A superheater tube in one of the boilers had ruptured, and this event, while repairable, decreed that the old ship would go nowhere until the next day. The repair work—shutting down and draining a boiler, cutting out the damaged section of pipe, welding new pipe in place, refilling and relighting the boiler, and pressure testing the new pipe and weld connections—kept the engine room crew busy for many hours. Good job training for those pursuing an engineering license, and a day off in Rotterdam for those of us pursuing a mate’s license.

Several of us wandered along the docks that afternoon until we happened upon the destroyer Sheffield of the British Royal Navy. Some of the Brits saw us admiring their ship, and they invited us aboard for a tour. Naturally, we accepted.

A dozen or so young British seamen greeted us at the head of the gangway and enthusiastically welcomed us aboard. They were about our ages, and they chatted excitedly, asking us what ship we were on, where we came from, and telling us about themselves. From our accents, of course, they recognized us as Americans. Then they wanted to show us around. Receiving official permission from the officer of the deck, they led us through every nook and cranny of the Sheffield, including the bridge, engine room, living quarters, recreational facilities, and to our great surprise, the combat operations center. Another officer gave his keys to one of our tour guides, and he unlocked a door worthy of a bank vault and led us into an inside room filled with radar screens, computer consoles, tracking charts, and communications gear. Several men were in there working, and they all paused to greet us and welcome us into their special world. Despite the sign on the bank vault door which told us that this room was top secret with absolutely no visitors permitted inside, we were ushered in without hesitation, and everyone there was very hospitable toward us.

The Sheffield was a very impressive ship. Built in the early 1970s by Vickers in Great Britain, she was 410 feet long, 47 feet wide, and powered by gas turbine engines capable of producing 30 knots—half the size and twice the speed of the old State of Maine! Everything on the Sheffield was state-of-the-art, and it showed. Her crew took and obvious pride in her, and their enthusiasm for their ship was unmistakable. We envied them. Sailing as we were aboard a tired old vessel that was constantly plagued with breakdowns, we practically drooled at the sight of everything that was shiny and sophisticated aboard this modern ship of the line. Most appealing to me were the almost deck-to-overhead bridge windows, the aircraft-style control console, the sparkling-new radar sets, and the compact yet fully stocked chartroom where every conceivable navigational need could easily be met. And it was all so spotlessly clean that it glistened. A very impressive ship indeed.

After a thoroughly enjoyable time aboard this lovely ship we thanked our hosts and returned ashore. The excitement of this impromptu visit aboard the Sheffield remained with us, so that returning to the old State of Maine later in the day seemed a letdown. But return we did, and with all the repair work completed, she sailed for Portsmouth, England, at 10:00am the next day.

Portsmouth was a quick stop. The State of Maine arrived at 9:00am and sailed again at 8:00pm. She moored at the Royal Naval Dockyard for the purpose of loading historical artifacts for transport to Maine. It had been announced that no one would be allowed ashore in this interval, but our English hosts quickly changed that. They invited all who were interested to take a guided tour of one of their national icons, Admiral Horatio Lord Nelson’s flagship Victory. No one with any interest in history, let alone any specialized interest in historic ships, could refuse such an invitation. So ashore we went. We had the honor of visiting the oldest commissioned naval vessel in the world, the ship that had led the British fleet under Admiral Nelson’s command against the combined French and Spanish fleets off Cape Trafalgar in October of 1805. Our hosts showed us the entire ship from stem to stern and explained everything in considerable detail. Most significantly—and even reverently—they showed us the well preserved and still bloodstained wooden planks on which Admiral Nelson lay bleeding after receiving his mortal sniper wound, as well as the equally carefully preserved bed on which he subsequently died. Another very impressive ship, but in a very different way.

Our hosts took the subject of the Battle of Trafalgar very seriously. Its favorable outcome saved Britain from the threat of foreign invasion, a legitimate concern in a part of the world where countries have routinely invaded and conquered each other for many centuries. It cost approximately 5,000 human lives—English, Spanish, and French combined. Plenty of food for thought there. I did not realize it at the time, but in three days I had visited two British warships, one famous from a past war, and the other to become famous in a future war.

Four short years later, the British became entangled in the Falkland Islands War with Argentina. The Sheffield, among other vessels, participated. On Tuesday, May 4, 1982, an Exocet missile fired from an Argentine aircraft struck the Sheffield amidships on her starboard side, breached the hull above the waterline, and started an enormous fire. Twenty British seamen perished. The ship burned ferociously and was abandoned by the survivors. A ruined but still floating hulk, the Sheffield was taken in tow toward South Georgia by the destroyer Yarmouth. While underway, however, the hull flooded, and the ship sank on Monday, May 10.1 The Sheffield was the first of six British ships to be sunk in the Falkland Islands War, and the first British ship to be lost in combat since 1945.2

By this time, I was no longer sailing on the State of Maine, but was safely at home. I had left the Victoria in December of 1981 and gone on a working vacation. During the winter months I painted rooms in our recently purchased house in Nashua and studied for the second mate’s exams. I received my new license as second mate on Monday, March 29, and was ready to return to sea. The job market being poor, however, my vacation became extended. On the day the Sheffield was attacked, I was at home waiting for a ship. On the day she sank, I was undergoing a medical checkup at company headquarters. Finally, I joined the Waccamaw as third mate on Thursday, June 24. While I was sweating blood about getting a job and going back to sea, others were shedding blood in a war at sea. More food for thought.

And I did think about it. The destruction of the Sheffield came as a shock. Of course, I knew that the British and the Argentines had gone to war, that ships and airplanes would be lost, and that soldiers and seamen would be killed. But these facts were war in the abstract. When a ship that I had known became a casualty of even such a faraway war, it was no longer abstract but suddenly very personal. I had seen and visited and walked on the Sheffield. I had met several members of her crew, had accepted their kind hospitality and spoken with them and enjoyed their company. I felt grateful to them for their friendliness toward me and my colleagues from the State of Maine. I felt horrified at the thought of any of them coming to grief in a war. I wondered if any of the ones whom I had met were still on the ship when she was attacked, but there was no way of knowing. Despite my own preoccupations about getting a job and going back to sea, I could not shake off these thoughts. The shock of the Sheffield’s violent demise remained with me.

This is what we call the brotherhood of the sea. Despite differences in nationality, culture, language, politics, and religion, the sea serves as a tie that binds to those who follow it professionally. This is widely recognized, even among enemies in wartime. I had a love of the sea and the ships that sailed it in common with the fellows on the Sheffield. After the conclusion of the Falkland Islands War, an Argentine naval officer described the common bond that he felt with his British enemies. Previously he had expressed jubilation at the destruction of the Sheffield. Given time to reconsider, however, he came to regret this glee. As the Englishman to whom he expressed his remorse related the conversation,

For it had betrayed his principles as a navy man. Even though the British at the time were his enemies, he said, no sailor should ever take the kind of delight that he had taken in the foundering of another ship. No one should so ardently wish a vessel of any navy, or indeed any ship, ever to be sunk in the ocean. “I am a good sailor,” he kept saying. “There is no pleasure to be taken over a thing like this. There is a brotherhood of the sea.”3

A similar sentiment displayed itself in one of Great Britain’s earlier and larger wars with a different enemy. Two seamen, one British and one German, were buried at sea in a funeral service held aboard the British corvette Compass Rose in 1941. As the British Captain Ericson conducted the service,

the gentle words affected him: as he read, he thought of the dead, and of the young seaman who was Compass Rose’s first casualty. He found that sad: and the German captain, standing free of escort a yard from him, found his own role sad also. . . .  Close by him, he heard and felt the German captain tremble.4

After the bodies of the deceased had slipped overboard, Captain Ericson

put on his cap, and saluted. The German captain, watching him, did the same. When they faced each other, Ericson saw tears glittering in the pale eyes.

“Thank you, Captain,” said the German. “I appreciate all you have done.” He held out his hand awkwardly. “I would like—” 


Ericson shook his hand without saying anything. He was shy of his emotion, and of the thirty-odd members of Compass Rose’s crew watching them. 


The German captain said suddenly: “Comrades of the sea. . . .”5

How sad that that such comrades should be called upon by their governments to shoot at each other on the normally pristine and peaceful sea. More often than not, the casualties of these wars have been young men and often teenagers. With most of their natural lifespans still ahead of them, it seems almost a crime against Nature itself to cut them down with metal globs flung across or through vast stretches of water. But a realist voice reminds us:

Brotherhood or not, the Atlantic seabed is littered with the wrecks of many thousands of ships and the long-decayed skeletons of many millions of men. War has been a constant feature of the ocean’s experience, and wars have been fought on its surface ever since there has been iron with which to fight them.6

I was fortunate; I sailed in peacetime. Over the years there were peaceful visits to several ships of various nationalities. The Danish sailing vessel Danmark, the Russian sailing ship Kruzenshtern, the British oil tanker Lucellum, the Greek passenger ship Ellinis, the American aircraft carrier America, and the American container ship San Pedro come quickly to mind. I was welcomed as a guest aboard these ships as well as aboard the other ships of my own employer’s fleet because we were “comrades of the sea.” Whatever differences there were between us, there was the overarching commonality of men, ships, and the sea. This can be difficult to explain to a layman’s satisfaction, but it was undeniably there.

When the Sheffield was attacked and twenty of her crew killed, I felt their loss. While I had known the ship but not necessarily the men, it made no difference. The Sheffield, like every other vessel, carried her own persona, and that was enough. I did not need to know the seamen individually in order to grieve for them. The brotherhood of the sea transmuted the unvarnished news of their deaths into a genuine and personal sorrow. Their loss, coupled with the destruction of their ship which I had visited and gotten to know four years earlier, made a geographically distant war feel very close to home.

Yet war was the very purpose for which the Sheffield had been built. Likewise, Lord Nelson’s Victory had served this same master, as had innumerable others through the centuries and millennia. War has indeed been a “constant feature” not only of the sea, but of human life. I wonder, though. If Cain had not killed Abel (Gen. 4:8), if that first mortal combat had not taken place, would humans never have gone to war with each other but lived in peace instead? Had that been so, there never would have been any need for navies, only merchant fleets and fishermen—peaceful pursuits.

In his masterpiece novel of the Second World War, the great seaman and author Herman Wouk described a naval officer looking toward Heaven in the aftermath of Pearl Harbor:

Victor Henry turned his face from the hideous sight to the indigo arch of the sky, where Venus and the brightest stars still burned: Sirius, Capella, Procyon, the old navigation aids. The familiar religious awe came over him, the sense of a Presence above this pitiful little earth. He could almost picture God the Father looking down with sad wonder at this mischief. In a world so rich and lovely, could his children find nothing better to do than dig iron from the ground and work it into vast grotesque engines for blowing each other up? Yet this madness was the way of the world.7

No doubt “this madness” is part of the “opposition in all things” (2 Nephi 2:11). The dichotomy of war and peace thus seems inherent to the human condition, but not necessarily immutable. For it is an opposition that I’m certain almost all of us would be very happy to live without, and there are far better things that God’s children can find to do. The “comrades of the sea” can certainly attest to that.


1 Summary of events from http://wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Sheffield_(D80).
2 Statistics from http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/4/newsid_2504000/2504155.stm.
3 Simon Winchester, Atlantic, New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc., 2010, p. 211.
4 Nicholas Monsarrat, The Cruel Sea, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988, p. 274. While officially a novel, this book is in reality the author’s wartime memoir thinly veiled as fiction.
5 Ibid.
6 Winchester, loc. cit.
7 Herman Wouk, The Winds of War, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1971, p. 887.